Class Information
Instructor:Dan Vimont
Office: 1123 AO & SS Building
Phone: (608) 263-3420
email: dvimont@wisc.edu
Course Website:
http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~dvimont/aos760
Meeting Time and Location:
Class meets Tuesday at 11:00 am, and Friday at 9:30 am in AO&SS 1039
Office Hours: By appointment (or just drop by)
Class Schedule
Reading List
Miscellaneous Links
Most recent TAO / TRITON data for the Tropical Pacific
(from http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay)
Class Schedule:
Rough outline:
Week 1: Brief overview of the mean state of the upper ocean and troposphereERA-40
Atlas: http://www.ecmwf.int/research/era/ERA-40_Atlas/
TAO Array: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/
TAO Array: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/
Week 2-3: Vertical normal mode decompostion; two-layer model; the Equatorial beta-plane.
Suggested readings:
Gill, 1982, Sections 6.1-6.3, 6.11, Lighthill, 1969; Gill, 1982, Sections 11.1-11.8
Gill, 1982, Sections 6.1-6.3, 6.11, Lighthill, 1969; Gill, 1982, Sections 11.1-11.8
Paper
assignment: Due Tuesday, 6 February, 2007
Matsuno,
T., 1966:
Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Met.
Soc. Japan, 44 (1), 25-42
Focus questions: mat_writeup.pdf
Soc. Japan, 44 (1), 25-42
Focus questions: mat_writeup.pdf
Week 3-4: Equatorial ocean adjustment
Suggested readings:
Philander, S. G., 1990: El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, Sections 3.1-3.6, pp. 103-141.
Class Handout, which summarizes:
Cane, M. A. and Sarachik, E. S., 1976: Forced baroclinic ocean motions. I. The linear equatorial unbounded case. J. Mar. Res. 34, 629-665.
Cane, M. A. and Sarachik, E. S., 1977: Forced baroclinic ocean motions. II. The linear equatorial bounded case. J. Mar. Res. 35, 395-432.
Philander, S. G., 1990: El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, Sections 3.1-3.6, pp. 103-141.
Class Handout, which summarizes:
Cane, M. A. and Sarachik, E. S., 1976: Forced baroclinic ocean motions. I. The linear equatorial unbounded case. J. Mar. Res. 34, 629-665.
Cane, M. A. and Sarachik, E. S., 1977: Forced baroclinic ocean motions. II. The linear equatorial bounded case. J. Mar. Res. 35, 395-432.
Clarke,
A. J., 1983: The reflection of equatorial waves from oceanic
boundaries. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1193-1207
Week 5: Equatorial atmospheric adjustment
Suggested
readings:
Gill,
1982, Section 11.11;
Lindzen, R. S. and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low level winds and convergence in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436
Neelin, J. D., 1989: A note on the ineterpretation of the Gill model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2466-2468
Battisti, D. S., E. S. Sarachik, and A. C. Hirst, 1999: A consistent model for the large scale steady atmospheric circulation in the tropics. J. Climate, 12, 2956-2964
Lindzen, R. S. and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low level winds and convergence in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436
Neelin, J. D., 1989: A note on the ineterpretation of the Gill model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2466-2468
Battisti, D. S., E. S. Sarachik, and A. C. Hirst, 1999: A consistent model for the large scale steady atmospheric circulation in the tropics. J. Climate, 12, 2956-2964
Paper assignment:
Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Q.J.R.M.S., 106, 447-462.
Focus questions: gill_writeup.pdf
Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Q.J.R.M.S., 106, 447-462.
Focus questions: gill_writeup.pdf
Week 6: Coupled modes
Paper assignment:
Hirst, A. C., 1986: Unstable an ddamped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 606-630.
Focus questions: hirst_writeup.pdf
Hirst, A. C., 1986: Unstable an ddamped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 606-630.
Focus questions: hirst_writeup.pdf
Week 7: ENSO observations and models
Suggested Readings:
Wallace, J. M, E. M. Rasmusson, T. P. Mitchell, V. E. Kousky, E. S. Sarachik, and H. von Storch, 1998: On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14241-14259.
Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation / El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384
Wallace, J. M, E. M. Rasmusson, T. P. Mitchell, V. E. Kousky, E. S. Sarachik, and H. von Storch, 1998: On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14241-14259.
Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation / El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384
Week 8: ENSO models
Suggested Reading:
Battisti, D. S., 1988: The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warm event in a coupled atmosphere / ocean model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2889-2919
Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F. F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagat, and S. Zebiak, 1998: ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14261-14290
Class handout on Delayed Oscillator Theory, which summarizes:
Battisti, D. S. and A. C. Hirst, 1989: Interannual variability in the tropical atmosphere / ocean system: influences of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712
Battisti, D. S., 1988: The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warm event in a coupled atmosphere / ocean model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2889-2919
Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F. F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagat, and S. Zebiak, 1998: ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14261-14290
Class handout on Delayed Oscillator Theory, which summarizes:
Battisti, D. S. and A. C. Hirst, 1989: Interannual variability in the tropical atmosphere / ocean system: influences of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712
Week 9: Linear inverse modeling and ENSO
Suggested Reading:
Penland, C. and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: The optimal growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 8, 1999-2024
Vimont, D. J., D. S. Battisti, and A. C. Hirst, 2003: The Seasonal Footprinting mechanism in the CSIRO coupled general circulation models. J. Climate, 16.
Vimont, D. J., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 2003: Seasonal Footprinting in the Pacific: Implications for ENSO. J. Climate, 16
Penland, C. and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: The optimal growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 8, 1999-2024
Vimont, D. J., D. S. Battisti, and A. C. Hirst, 2003: The Seasonal Footprinting mechanism in the CSIRO coupled general circulation models. J. Climate, 16.
Vimont, D. J., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 2003: Seasonal Footprinting in the Pacific: Implications for ENSO. J. Climate, 16
Week 10: Tropical Atlantic Variability and WES modes
Reading:
Xie, S.-P. and J. A. Carton, 2004: Tropical Atlantic Variability: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. A. Carton, (eds.), Geophysical Monograph, AGU, Washignton D.C., 2004.
Focus questions: xc_writeup.pdf
MATLAB Code for calculating normal modes of a simple tropical coupled model (see the writeup for more information).
wes_modes.m
wes_model_gill.m
plot_struct_lin_gill2.m
plot_spect_gill.m
wysiwyg.m
Xie, S.-P. and J. A. Carton, 2004: Tropical Atlantic Variability: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. A. Carton, (eds.), Geophysical Monograph, AGU, Washignton D.C., 2004.
Focus questions: xc_writeup.pdf
MATLAB Code for calculating normal modes of a simple tropical coupled model (see the writeup for more information).
wes_modes.m
wes_model_gill.m
plot_struct_lin_gill2.m
plot_spect_gill.m
wysiwyg.m
Reading List:
NOTE THAT THIS WILL BE UPDATED AS THE CLASS PROGRESSESHere is a bibliography of articles that we will be reading:
bibliography.doc
Links:
Maprooms:
NOAA CDC Map Room: http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/map/
NOAA CDC Interactive Plotting and Analysis Page:
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/PublicData/getpage.pl
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Atlas:
http://eos.atmos.washington.edu/erbe/
IRI Maproom:
http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/maproom/
Laboratoire des Ecoulements Geophysiques et Industriels Air-Sea flux Maproom:
http://meol715.hmg.inpg.fr/Web/Atlas/Flux/index.html
ERA-40 Atlas:
http://www.ecmwf.int/research/era/ERA-40_Atlas/
TAO Array:
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/
Other:
NOAA Climate Diagnostics
Center (CDC):http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/