ATM OCN (Meteorology) 100
MIDLATITUDE WEATHER SYSTEMS
PART I: THE SETTING, AIR MASSES & FRONTS
Summer 2000
Lecture #19 Scheduled for:
17 JUL 2000 (M)
Recommended Readings from Moran and Morgan (1997):
pages 253-261.
Today's Lecture Objectives:
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To discuss the basis of air mass classification and to differentiate among
the various major air mass types.
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To list two criteria that an air mass source region must meet.
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To identify the various air masses that regularly form over or invade North
America and discuss the typical weather conditions associated with these
air masses.
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To describe the processes that contribute to air mass modification, identifying
those conditions that determine the degree of air mass modification .
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To list at least two criteria involved with the analysis of a front on
a surface weather map.
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To identify the conditions needed for frontogenesis and frontolysis.
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To compare and contrast warm fronts, cold fronts, stationary and occluded
fronts in terms of their structure and associated weather.
Outline:
A. SCOPE OF MIDLATITUDES
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Geographic Extent
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Human Aspect
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Meteorological Significance of Midlatitudes
B. AIR MASSES
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Definition
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Historical Perspective
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Air Mass Considerations
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Air Mass Characteristics
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Dimensions
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Life History
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Requirements For Air Mass Generation
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Traditional Air Mass Classification Scheme & Analysis
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Primary Air Mass Types
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Air Mass Generation Mechanisms
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Air Mass Modification
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Air Masses Over North America
C. FRONTS or FRONTAL ZONES
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Introduction
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Principal Global Frontal Zones
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Types of Synoptic Scale Fronts
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Cold Fronts
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Warm Fronts
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Stationary Fronts
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Occluded Fronts
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Frontal Analysis on Weather Maps
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Temperature Gradients
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Dewpoint Gradients
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Wind Shifts
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Pressure Patterns
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Characteristic Cloud Patterns
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Vertical Structure of a Frontal Surface
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Cold Fronts
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Warm Fronts
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Stationary Fronts
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Occluded Fronts
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Temporal Evolution of Fronts
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Frontogenesis
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Frontolysis
Unit continues as Midlatitude
Weather Systems: The Extratropical Cyclone
Links to Other References:
Last revision 28 July 2000
Produced by Edward J. Hopkins, Ph.D.
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706
hopkins@meteor.wisc.edu
URL: aos100/lectures/0019xtr1.html