Slide 13 of 30
Notes:
Heat and Temperature are often confused, but they are really quite different concepts. Temperature is a property of a material object which reflects the tendency of heat to flow from that object to its surroundings or vice versa, whereas heat is what actually flows.
A thermometer in water accepts or gives up heat until it is at the same temperature as the water. A mechanical or electrical property of the thermometer is then used as an indicator of its temperature. Thermometers of different design have to be calibrated against a standard thermometer which measures the volume of a gas at known pressure. Under the right circumstances, such a standard approximates the absolute scale of temperature in which the freezing point of water is at 273.15 K, and the boiling point at a pressure of 1 atmosphere is 373.15 K. The theoretical underpinnings of this concept of temperature were clarified only in the 19th century with the articulation of the Kinetic Theory of Matter and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
What is confusing is that changes in the heat content of an object can normally be related to its mass time changes in its temperature - the constant of proportionality being known as the specific heat. However, the more mass it has the greater the heat content, but even though all parts have the same temperature.